Acid Test For Starch And Glycogen - 1153 Words

Solution #9 Clear, colorless solution. P; Purple Protein Solution (+control) #10 Clear, yellow-orange solution. N Beer #11 Clear, colorless solution. N Distilled Water(-control) #12 Clear, colorless solution. P; Purple Unknown *Table #2 shows the results of biuret test on the given 12 samples, in which 2 are indicated positive: sample #9, the positive control of this section, and sample #12, the unknown. Table #3 Iodine Test for Starch and Glycogen in the Given Samples Samples Observation of Samples†¦show more content†¦P; Reddish Brown 1% Glycogen Solution #8 Clear, colorless solution. P; Blue-Black 1% Starch Solution #9 Clear, colorless solution. N Protein Solution #10 Clear, yellow-orange solution. N Beer #11 Clear, colorless solution. N Distilled Water(-control) #12 Clear, colorless solution. N Unknown *Table #3shows the results of iodine test on the given 12 samples, in which 2 are indicated positive: sample #7, the glycogen solution, and sample #8, the starch solution. The two can also be considered as positive controls for this section. Table #4 Benedict s Test for Oligosaccharides in the Given Samples #1 Clear, colorless solution. P; Brown 1% Glucose Solution (+control) #2 Clear, colorless solution. N 0.3% Glucose -1-phosphate #3 Clear, colorless solution. P; Reddish Brown 1% Maltose Solution #4 Clear, slightly yellow solution. P; Orange Honey Solution #5 Clear, colorless solution. N 1%

Louis Armstrong s Life, His Music And Influence On Others

The person I chose to do my project on is Louis Armstrong. I chose Louis Armstrong because I wanted to do my project on a singer as well as a musician. I chose him because he was one of the few people that I knew about, also because I did some research on him and listened to his music and I thought that he was interesting to write about. My main three things that I’m going to discuss about Louis Armstrong will be his life, his music and influence on others. I’m going to describe how and where Louis Armstrong’s grew up and how he started out his career as a trumpeter. I’m also going to write about how he went through life and how that affected him in the future. Lastly, I’m going to discuss with you how he had an influence on others. I’m going to explain how he impacted the world with his music and how that affected so many people to this day. Louis Armstrong made a great impact in the world and I’m going to teach you all about it. According to biography.com, Louis Armstrong was born on August 4, 1901 in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was born into a poor section of New Orleans, which was nicknamed â€Å"The Battlefield.† Louis Armstrong had a tough childhood when he was growing up, his father was a factory worker that had left Louis Armstrong’s family after he was soon to be born. Louis Armstrong’s mom was a prostitute and she often left him at his maternal grandmother’s house. Armstrong had to quit school in the fifth grade because he needed to begin work to support himself. AShow MoreRelatedLouis Armstrong and His Music Essay1366 Words   |  6 PagesLouis Armstrong and His Music â€Å"The essence of jazz- making something new out of something old, making something personal out of something shared- has no finer exemplar than Armstrong.† (Hasse par. 3) During the 1920’s a young African American man, otherwise known as Louis Armstrong, helped create and represent a new twist on popular music. This music that became so famous and well loved today is also referred to as jazz. Louis Armstrong had a very successful jazz career performing and composingRead MoreMusic is an art that has been in this world for tens of thousands of years and has proven its900 Words   |  4 PagesMusic is an art that has been in this world for tens of thousands of years and has proven its abilities to bring people together and sometimes even make people happy. Although the jazz era ended almost a century ago, this time influenced by Louis Armstrong was a huge cultural shift that still remains in our society in which African-Americans are a vast part of our music industry amongst pop, rap, reggae, and more. Jazz was a unique form of music, there had never been anything like it before. ItRead MoreKing Of Jazz : Louis Armstrong1617 Words   |  7 PagesJazz - Louis Armstrong At the mention jazz music, that person will first think of is likely to be a great figure with a clown image, nicknamed Satchmo. The man was Louis Armstrong. He is a husky singer, often with a trumpet in his hand. He played dramatic works of simple structure in Orleans jazz style and with the accompaniment of Dick jazz music. Each of the books on jazz music will mention his name. Louis Armstrong was to jazz music what Bach is to classical music, Presley is to rock music (BerrettRead MoreKing Of Jazz : Louis Armstrong1617 Words   |  7 PagesJazz - Louis Armstrong At the mention jazz music, that person will first think of is likely to be a great figure with a clown image, nicknamed Satchmo. The man was Louis Armstrong. He is a husky singer, often with a trumpet in his hand. He played dramatic works of simple structure in Orleans jazz style and with the accompaniment of Dick jazz music. Each of the books on jazz music will mention his name. Louis Armstrong was to jazz music what Bach is to classical music, Presley is to rock music (BerrettRead MoreLouis Armstrong : The Father Of Jazz And The Starter Of A Whole New Way921 Words   |  4 Pages Louis Armstrong was perhaps the father of Jazz and the starter of a whole new way to express the African-American culture, but he was also much more than that. Armstrong was one of the greatest leaders that the African Americans could have asked for, whether or not they knew it at the time. He was not recognized for his leadership skills as much as he was for the iconic jazz music he created. Louis Armst rong expressed black culture through his music and did not make it for people to enjoy, insteadRead MoreLouis Contributions Of The Jazz Music Scene993 Words   |  4 PagesStyle Louis made many contributions to the evolution of jazz as he learned and adapted his style. His use of harmonies and improvisation was before his time and he helped shape the whole genre as it was evolving. His technique with his trumpet playing and how the sound played off of the other instruments was unparalleled at the time. His contributions and techniques play a large part in changing jazz music from a folksy sound to more of the swing sound we attribute to the genre today. Armstrong hadRead MoreEssay on Louis Armstrong: The King of JAzz928 Words   |  4 PagesLouis Armstrong: The King of JAzz Known as the King of Jazz, Louis â€Å"Stachmo† Armstrong was one of the most important figures in early jazz. He was said to have defined jazz music. Only Charlie Parker comes close to having as much influence on jazz as Louis Armstrong. Armstrong was born on July 4, 1900 in New Orleans. He grew up singing on the streets of New Orleans at a young age and had a troubled childhood. At the age of twelve he was placed in the Waif’s Home For Boys for firingRead MoreThe Famous Jazz Musici Louis Armstrong.louis Armstrong854 Words   |  4 Pagesjazz music is in New Orleans jazz style.This person is Louis Armstrong.Louis Armstrong is a famous jazz musician in US,maybe can say if you listen jazz music ,I am sure that you must know him. His significance of jazz music ,like classical music of Bach rock music of Presley.He was born on August 4,1901 in New Orleans.He was living in a poor family and father go away.He was interested in singing but at that time living is difficult so nobody wanted to spent money to sent him to learn music and nobodyRead MoreLouis Armstrong : The Era Of Jazz1449 Words   |  6 PagesLouis Armstrong once said â€Å"If you ask what jazz is, you’ll never know.† Armstrong was conveying the message that jazz is whatever the performer makes of it, for there are no rules or restrictions on what the performer can do. Louis Armstrong was a famous jazz trumpeter from New Orleans who influenced the era of jazz tremendously throughout the years with his unique style, which included bringing in improvisation to pieces. The quote stated earlier can be applied to life, showing that in order toRead More Biography of Louis Armstrong Essay1236 Words   |  5 PagesLouis Armstrong was born in one of the poorest sections in New Orleans, August 4, 1901. Louis a hard-working kid who helped his mother and sister by working every type of job there was, including going out on street corners at night to singing for coins. Slowly making money, Louis bought his first horn, a cornet. At age eleven Armstrong was sent to juvenile Jones Home for the colored waifs for firing a pistol on New Year’s Eve. While in jail Armstrong received his first formal music lesson from one

Business Plan Evaluation Pasta Tree

Question: Discuss about the Business Plan Evaluation Pasta Tree. Answer: Introduction Some of the essential facets associated with Pasta Tree refer to its reputation as a fresh pasta producer for retail purposes. The quality of the pasta products facilitated by the company is accountable for improving the prospects for increasing investment from external sources in the company and ensuring feasible expansion. According to cs, Autio Szerb, the notable characteristics of the company reflect on the explicit production facility size as well as the storefront in Sydney which is utilized for providing fresh pasta products to customers. Pasta Tree reviewed the implications of its production capacity and appreciation of quality by customers in order to establish formidable objectives for its business plan (cs, Autio Szerb, 2014). An organizations goals are determined for obtaining reasonable inferences pertaining to alignment with the organizations purpose. The notable goals that could be profoundly observed in the business plan of Pasta Tree refer to the institution of appropriate frameworks to improve sales in the noted supermarket chains within Sydney, expansion of the existing production facility alongside ensuring that product quality, operations and costs are not compromised. Pasta Tree relies on three profound pillars for ensuring sustainable competitive advantage for the business which include value, quality and integrity (Bae, et al., 2014). As per Baum, Frese Baron, Quality aspect of the products facilitated by Pasta Tree reflects on freshness of pasta products while value of the products is derived from provision of nutritional benefits and assortment of flavours. Pasta Tree also emphasizes on integrity by sustaining commitment to the provision of quality and value in its products which lead to the foundation of the trust placed by customers in the organization (Baum, Frese Baron, 2014). The increasing concerns for nutritious and healthy exotic food act as promoters of viable opportunities for the food industry in Australia. Therefore Pasta Tree could find substantial foothold in the Australian market through expansion initiatives which can be validated on the grounds of product demand and the value proposition associated with the products. Description of the business: The organizations history is a credible validation for its capabilities to provide quality, value and integrity alongside facilitating potential opportunities for the expansion of the organizations production facility and improve Pasta Trees competence to provide products in supermarket chains in Australia. Bruni, Gherardi Poggio said that some of the essential highlights that could be presented as critical insights in context of this proposal are directed towards the sustainability of Pasta Trees products performance in supermarket chains (Bruni, Gherardi Poggio, 2014). It also presents substantial challenges for the brand identity of Pasta Tree as supermarket sales would be indicative of the assumption of a common national brand identity for the organization. This would be detrimental for the long term prospects of the organization to realize competitive advantage. The promising operations of Pasta Tree in Sydney could be profoundly observed from the explicit performance of the organization over the course of three years since its establishment (Burrows, 2015). The substantial diversification observed in the organizational structure of Pasta Tree that was initiated with the involvement of two people, its founders, and went on to include four personnel supervising the production, distribution and sales operations. The observation of past performance of Pasta Tree over the course of three years from 2000 to 2002 was indicative of the substantial improvement in gross and sales metrics impinging the existence of potential opportunities that could promote the organizations sales capabilities (Carland, Carland Stewart, 2015). Rationale for the business plan: It is imperative to evaluate the prominent areas in which Pasta Tree could accomplish reasonable business performance objectives that can be integrated in the business plan of an enterprise. The necessity of research in terms of preparation of a business plan could not be undermined under any circumstances. The research for determining the feasibility of a business in a specific location has been characterised by estimation of customer preferences and opinions pertaining to the specific business (Carland Carland, 2015). The research outcomes could be leveraged for the preparation of a viable business strategy that is significantly applicable in the organizations initiatives to cater the selected market segments. The primary market segments that have been emphasized by Pasta Tree refer to the professional people who do not have the opportunity to prepare food at home and therefore could acquire potential implications for higher demand for nutritious food (Carland Jr, Carland Carland III, 2015). Therefore, Pasta Tree has to diversify the distribution network of the organization by including supermarkets, delis and small grocery stores in the locality in order to reach the customers effectively. The pressing objective for business expansion posed for Pasta Tree is the expansion of the production facility which could serve plausible opportunities to realize the outcomes that are expected for targeting the highlighted market segments. Therefore a conclusive interpretation of the industry environment could provide substantial indications towards the feasibility of the business plan as well as underlying elements such as financial analysis, external and internal environment analysis alongside plausible critical reflections on the same. Market analysis and internal competences: As per Carraher Paridon, 201, the Australian food industry could be characteristically analysed through the implementation of models such as the SWOT analysis which provide a conclusive impression of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that can be apprehended in case of Pasta Tree (Carraher Paridon, 2015). The outcomes of the SWOT analysis would be reflective of potentially favourable factors that can be implemented for accomplishing the required competitive advantage in the concerned market environment. Strengths: The Australian food market has been associated with consistent progress and the expansion of prominent global brands in the market has increased the appeal of the market in terms of financial outcomes. Furthermore, the establishment of entrepreneurial establishments in the market allows prolific indications for Pasta Tree to move forward with its plans to expand production capacity. Food preparation and delivery have been subject to radical innovative approaches by entrepreneurs in order to attain credible insights for improving business performance (Drucker, 2014). The commitment of the employees at the Pasta Tree can also be considered as one of the profound favourable aspects in the competences of the organization alongside providing reasonable inputs for completion of work according to deadlines. Another noticeable strength that has been implemented by peers in the Australian food market which could be capitalized on by Pasta Tree refers to the provision of customized food items that provide viable opportunities for attracting the customer attention and accomplish higher revenues flexibly (Glaeser, Kerr Kerr, 2015). Weaknesses: The organizations profound weaknesses are observed in the limited human resources capabilities of the organization alongside a comparatively new product offering. The availability of opportunities to ensure flexible and functional implementation of the organizations business strategies is limited by the organizations new establishment and lack of maturity in the market (Hatten, 2015). Pasta Tree has realized promising aspects for profitability in the third year of operations which would not be sufficient for realization of desired outcomes as observed in the organizations strategic business plan. The lack of a profound market presence accounts for limited accessibility of Pasta Trees products by customers alongside the notable concerns pertaining to marketing activities of the organization (Kirzner, 2015). Opportunities: Pasta Tree can acquire loans from interested contributors that could improvise the availability of resources especially for accomplishing objectives of product and market diversification. Pasta Tree relies on reasonable pricing which can be accounted as one of the prominent opportunities that can facilitate competitive advantage to the organization. Increasing concerns for the health problems such as cardiac and gastro enteric issues can be viably considered as the rationale for the development of healthier eating preferences among people in Australia (Kuratko, 2016). Apart from the professional segment targeted by Pasta Tree, the general supermarket visitors could also account as a profitable market segment for the organization owing to the variable range of pasta product offerings of Pasta Tree. The availability of different products such as spaghettini, linguini and fettuccine is also assumed as a promising opportunity for the organization to establish a formidable market presence in Australia. The customer segment preferences that indicate the potential of the company to engage in service of women specifically can be viable opportunity for Pasta Tree to realize the business plan objectives (Morris, 2015). Threats: One of the prominent threats that could be observed in the case of the Pasta Tree is noticed in the market presence of prominent fast food chains such as McDonalds and KFC alongside the increasing popularity of restaurants and drive-by eateries. The food products provided by the peers of the organization are instantly acceptable to the palette of customers thereby limiting their choices for nutritious food. Another prominent threat is observed in the psyche of customers in Australia related to the increasing health clubs and gyms that signifies that the customers can prefer consumption of unhealthy food while reducing the negative effects by working out in the gym (Schaper, et al., 2014). The changes in fiscal conditions could lead to obstructions for financing the expansion initiatives of Pasta Tree that has to be addressed through preparation of contingency measures. Even if the products offered by Pasta Tree provide a unique eating experience to customers, the behavioural preferences of customers are subject to concerns of product diversification and customization. Changes in customer preferences could lead to an increment in the operational costs that could jeopardize the strategies outlined in the business plan for Pasta Tree (Schaper, 2016). Marketing strategy: The identification of a promising marketing mix could account for increasing the capabilities of Pasta Tree to improvise its customer service as well as revenues acquired from retail sales, supermarket sales and local grocery stores sales. The marketing mix that could be presented for Pasta Tree would comprise of four basic elements referring to product, price, place and promotion (Shepherd, 2015). Products: Pasta Tree provides a varied assortment of pasta products with its highly selling products including Fettuccine, Linguini and Spaghettini. Other notable pasta products facilitated by the organization refer to fusilli and Cayenne tagliolini alongside the notable variants of its highest sellers such as Black Linguini, Tomato Fettuccine and Basil Spaghettini. The critical perspective on this aspect of the marketing mix indicates towards the feasibility of the existing product offerings in the Australian market. The intentions of Pasta Tree to expand its production facility should be accountable for improvising the diversity of product offerings. Pricing: The pricing of the products facilitated by Pasta Tree is flexible since it offers the prepared pasta products at an affordable pricing of $3 for two servings. This pricing is definitively attractive for supermarket customers reflecting on its superiority as compared to dry pasta products. Place: Pasta Tree has to select appropriate places for distribution of the pasta products thereby implying that supermarkets and smaller local grocery stores could facilitate substantial opportunities to accomplish business feasibility effectively. One of the critical assumptions that could be observed in case of the aspect of place in the marketing mix of Pasta Tree is the gradual improvement in transition of customers from supermarkets to local community stores (Singer, Amoros Arreola, 2015). The supermarkets have been depicting considerable reduction in market share while smaller stores in specific communities are improving their market share alongside facilitating the services of speciality stores such as fish markets and wine shops which could attract a diverse range of customers. Promotion: The promotion of Pasta Trees products has to be directed towards the display of the products in-store alongside a similar packaging to the dry pasta products. Provision of discounts and participation in socially responsible activities could be accounted as promising influences on the promotional aspect of Pasta Trees marketing mix. The in-store displays are profoundly characterized by coupons that could improve the opportunities for Pasta Trees promotion strategy. Management team: The Pasta Tree was founded by John Wingate and Jill Foreman with the latter assuming charge of production and distribution while John is responsible for sales management. The experience of the founders in the domain of production and sales in the food industry is a notable competence available for the management (Storey, 2016). From a critical perspective, it can be evaluated that the aspects of delivery, store maintenance and production staff management could be subject to insufficiencies associated with distribution and sales while exploring novel prospects for market expansion. Therefore the personnel requirement as highlighted in the personnel plan for the Pasta Tree should be modified in accordance to the revised demands of delivery and store maintenance according to the new business plan. Sources of finance: Pasta Tree could be able to acquire reasonable investments for its operations through initiatives such as acquiring loans, access to long term liabilities, sale of current and long-term assets as well as the dividends and the retained earnings of the organization. The requirement of investments is a profound aspect in the operational framework of the organization leading to concerns for short, medium and long term finances. Sources of financing for an entrepreneurial venture would be imperatively associated with certain advantages as well as disadvantages (Kuratko, 2016). The positive implications of the financing sources could be observed in the stability, security and potential competence to address the mandatory requirements of interest rates and finance. On the other hand the negative implications of financing sources are directed towards the profound variations noticed in the interest rates. Financial plan: The observation of the financial plan for Pasta Trees expansion initiatives could be related comprehensively to the need for payroll of new personnel to be included in the organization. Furthermore, the investments in the expansion of the existing production facility of Pasta Tree present with the storefront in Sydney are also accounted as costs for the organization (Hatten, 2015). Breakeven analysis: The breakeven analysis reflects in the requirement of a monthly fixed cost of $22,490 allowing the derivation of monthly revenue breakeven estimated at $24,989. This could be realized through a prominent reflection on the increase of average variable percent cost of 10%. Conclusion The foremost milestone assumed by Pasta Tree is directed towards the development of the socially responsible initiatives. Other milestones observed in the case of Pasta Tree are inclusive of production facility expansion, institution of production equipment and in-store displays. From a critical perspective, the milestones for Pasta Trees business plan are associated with specific start and dates which are accountable for precision in accomplishing the objective milestones. These milestones could be followed by the formulation of novel strategic business plans indicating examples of milestones such as increment in the payroll of newly recruited personnel such as production and delivery staff, sales management and production management. References cs, Z.J., Autio, E. and Szerb, L., 2014. National systems of entrepreneurship: Measurement issues and policy implications.Research Policy,43(3), pp.476-494. Bae, T.J., Qian, S., Miao, C. and Fiet, J.O., 2014. The relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: A meta?analytic review.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,38(2), pp.217-254. Baum, J.R., Frese, M. and Baron, R.A., 2014.The psychology of entrepreneurship. Psychology Press. Bruni, A., Gherardi, S. and Poggio, B., 2014.Gender and entrepreneurship: An ethnographic approach. Routledge. Burrows, R. ed., 2015.Deciphering the Enterprise Culture (Routledge Revivals): Entrepreneurship, Petty Capitalism and the Restructuring of Britain. Routledge. Carland, J.C., Carland, J.W. and Stewart, W.H., 2015. Seeing what's not there: The enigma of entrepreneurship.Journal of small business strategy,7(1), pp.1-20. Carland, J.W. and Carland, J.C., 2015. A model of potential entrepreneurship: Profiles and educational implications.Journal of Small Business Strategy,8(1), pp.1-14. Carland Jr, J.W., Carland, J.A.C. and Carland III, J.W.T., 2015. Self-actualization: The zenith of entrepreneurship.Journal of Small Business Strategy,6(1), pp.53-66. Carraher, S.M. and Paridon, T.J., 2015. Entrepreneurship journal rankings across the discipline.Journal of Small Business Strategy,19(2), pp.89-98. Drucker, P., 2014.Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Glaeser, E.L., Kerr, S.P. and Kerr, W.R., 2015. Entrepreneurship and urban growth: An empirical assessment with historical mines.Review of Economics and Statistics,97(2), pp.498-520. Hatten, T.S., 2015.Small business management: Entrepreneurship and beyond. Nelson Education. Kirzner, I.M., 2015.Competition and entrepreneurship. University of Chicago press. Kuratko, D.F., 2016.Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, and practice. Cengage Learning. Morris, M.H., 2015. Entrepreneurship as Experience.Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. Schaper, M.T., Volery, T., Weber, P.C. and Gibson, B., 2014. Entrepreneurship and small business. Schaper, M. ed., 2016.Making ecopreneurs: developing sustainable entrepreneurship. CRC Press. Shepherd, D.A., 2015. Party On! A call for entrepreneurship research that is more interactive, activity based, cognitively hot, compassionate, and prosocial.Journal of Business Venturing,30(4), pp.489-507. Singer, S., Amoros, J.E. and Arreola, D.M., 2015. Global entrepreneurship monitor 2014 global report.Global Entrepreneurship Research Association, pp.1-116. Storey, D.J. ed., 2016.Entrepreneurship and new firm. Routledge.

The Long Bitter Trail Essay Example

The Long Bitter Trail Essay Jackson wasfirst considered a president of the people because he supported the common man and nationalism. He had a strong yet stubborn personality and for the most part began his presidential career as a well liked man. However, some of Jacksons supporters were not fully aware of his views and intentions. When Andrew Jackson had to make a decision on the Indian removal, both he and the government were divided over the whole question of an Indian Removable Act. He eventually became one of the acts largest supporters. In his two terms, Jackson used the powers as president very unfairly. By doing this, Jackson found away to get rid of the Indians.Jackson used the discovery of gold to enacted the Indian Removal Act in 1803 and signed it into the law, which required all Indian tribes had to leave and head west of the Mississippi River to Indian Territory; reservations in what is now present day Oklahoma. In 1830 the Indians were battling it out in the Supreme Court. A new law was passed that said Cherokees would be under state law instead of federal law. This allowed them no protection at all. They had no way to protect themselves or their land with this change. They tried to fight this change but the Indians were told they could not sue because they were not a nation outside the United States so the Cherokees lost their case. They were eventually ruled a domestic dependant nation. This would allow them to be able to receive federal protection. Jackson overruled this decision.There is no actual story but the history of the Andrew Jackson and the Indians itself. I think Wallace intended the story for audiences who were interested in that time period and the expansion of the United States. Wallace wanted to inform his readers about how Indians were treated in the 1800s and Andrew Jacksons idea to take their land away just to expand the United States and gain gold. The decision of the Jackson administrati

Hazards in Placentia essays

Hazards in Placentia essays Earthquakes are probably the number one hazard that affects my area. I live about six to seven miles from the Whittier Fault and about 16-18 miles from the Newport Inglewood Fault. Just about a week or two ago, we experienced an earthquake around 2:30 a.m. Though nothing was damaged, I still noticed some effects from it. The ceiling fan was shaking around a lot and some car alarms were sounding. If a big earthquake were to hit Placentia, I think my house would be prepared. Sure, some things would fall, but nothing extreme. The water tank is secured and we would remember to turn off the gas, or anything else that could possibly cause a disaster. There isn't a threat for mass-wasting in my area. Placentia is almost all flat land; no hilly areas susceptible to down slides. But the neighboring cities, Yorba Linda and Brea could possibly experience some affect. I believe there are a few debris-flow basins in those areas. The only chance for liquefaction in my area is towards the Brea/Yorba Linda city boundaries. Possible landslides are more likely to happen in Brea than in Placentia. When it rains hard, sometimes, I can notice the streets have some affect to them. But unless it pours endlessly, there is really no threat of flooding in my area. The hazards I'm most concerned with are earthquakes. Since I live relatively close to a fault, I'm concerned that a big quake will hit. But I feel prepared for it. ...

Motivational Quotes for Teens

Motivational Quotes for Teens Great thinkers throughout history have imparted insights that can provide inspiration for teens. From the value of hard work and optimism to the importance of time, itself, these quotes can help motivate any teenager. Hard Work Theres no substitute for hard work. -  Thomas Edison It took Edison more than 1,000 unsuccessful attempts over the course of a year before he produced the worlds first commercially viable light bulb. So, the next time your teen wants to give up, tell her about the persistence and work ethic of one of our greatest inventors. There is no elevator to success. You have to take the stairs. -   Author unknown Like Edison, this unknown author is talking about the importance of perseverance and putting in the effort to succeed. Thats an important motivational thought for any teen. Optimism There is no sadder sight than a young pessimist. -  Mark TwainThose who wish to sing, always find a song. -  Swedish Proverb A teen can find plenty of inspiration from Twains eternally optimistic characters, Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer. And, there are plenty of references to singing in Twains The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn- an optimistic trait the Swedish proverb alludes to.   Time Time is free, but its priceless. You cant own it, but you can use it. You cant keep it, but you can send it. Once youve lost it, you can never get it back. -  Harvey MackayTime ripens all things, no man is born wise. -  Miguel de Cervantes The importance of using your time wisely can be a great motivational thought for teens. MacKay  wrote such well-known business books as Swim with the Sharks Without Being Eaten Alive,  which explained how to use your time to outsell- and outperform- others, while Cervantes, Spains greatest author, wrote about the ever-optimistic Don Quixote, a character who used his time to try to save the world. Character, Change, and Discovery To be able to practice five things everywhere under heaven constitutes perfect virtue... gravity, generosity of soul, sincerity, earnestness, and kindness. -  ConfuciusThere is nothing permanent except change. -  HeraclitusThere are two  great days  in a persons  life- the day we are born and the day we discover why. -  William BarclayThere are two educations. One should teach us how to make a living and the other how to live. -  John Adams Confucious, Chinas greatest philosopher; Heraclitus, a Greek philosopher; Barclay, a Scottish theologian, and Adams, our second president, who also helped sustain the Revolution with his brilliant negotiating skills, all talked about how life is an adventure- ever-changing, yet always providing an opportunity to learn, discover and strive to be your best self. That is certainly an important and serious thought to light a fire under any teen looking for motivation.

Production Efficiency under the impact of Employee Training Research Proposal

Production Efficiency under the impact of Employee Training - Research Proposal Example Researches reveal that production efficiency (referred to as efficiency further on in this assignment), is significantly influenced by the variation in employee training, attitudes, and wages that employees receive. Conveniently concluding the discussion, as analyzed from the various literatures, it will not be wrong to suggest that: Over the years, researches reveal that these variables though are effective in enhancing the production efficiency, but each has a particular threshold level, beyond which, the concepts of diminishing returns start taking over. As this literature review moves on, it can be seen how valid this argument is prior to proceeding with the primary research about the same. It is worth mentioning here that the three impacts under consideration have been title of various human resource management books, which goes to show the depth of matter available on these; however, this research, due to constraints of time and other resources, has tried to gather a crux of these literatures.   2.2 Impact of Employee Training on Production Efficiency abc   2.3 Impact of Employee Attitude on Production Efficiencyabc 2.4 Impact of Employee Wages on Production Efficiencyabc   

Harvard Business Review Website Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Harvard Business Review Website - Essay Example Harvard Business Review Website The website provides an avenue where readers can access the articles on different business topics. Additionally, readers can follow their favorite topics on the platform quickly using the search button on the website. The online version of the Review provides readers and contributors with an interactive avenue. The users can interact with the contributors of specific articles by writing the reviews of the articles. On the other hand, the contributors can expound on particular aspects of their work to the readers through the comments and reviews section. The website allows users to access different numbers of articles based on their level of subscription. For example, new users on the site have access to only fifteen articles on monthly basis free of charge. Contrarily, subscribers to the website have unlimited access to various articles depending on their area of interest. The subscribers also have the freedom to comment on different articles by asking questions to the contributors. The Harvard Business Review website also allows users to specify the topics they can access. The specific content and updates on the website include sharing and saving capabilities, ability of following specific content and personalized recommendations. The site is designed to accommodate different devices such as tablets and mobile platforms, which provides users with a broad choice of reading platforms. The use of various devices allows users to access the website from various locations across the world.

Effects of Commercialization Essay Example for Free

Effects of Commercialization Essay Effects of Commercialization Commercialization is often confused with sales, marketing, or business development. â€Å"The rise of commercialization is an artifact of the growth of corporate power† (Gray Ruskin and Juliet Schor 487). Ruskin and Schor states that â€Å"corporations fostered the anti-tax movement and support for corporate welfare, which helped create funding crises in state and local governments and schools, and made them more willing to carry commercial adverting (487). Open-source communities have learned over time to integrate commercial interests into their development ranks without capitulating to those commercial interests. â€Å"Economists often assume that markets are inert, they do not affect the goods being exchange (Michael J. Sandel 492). Commercialization process has three key aspects: The Funnel it is essential to look at many ideas to get one or two products or businesses that can be sustained long-term, stage-wise process, and each stage has its own key goals and milestones, and vital to involve key stakeholders early, including customers. There are so many outlooks of commercialization. The effects of commercialization are black Friday, attack on family values, and environment. The rise of commercialization is an artifact of the growth of corporate power† (Ruskin and Schor 487). Black Friday is one of the biggest shopping days of the year. Black Friday is the following Thanksgiving Day in the United States. Black Friday is not a holiday. Black Friday has become popular. Better than last minute Christmas sales. Retailers put their items on sale on Thanksgiving Morning. We realize the importance of Black Friday to retailers. It’s the day that the yearly sales finally move from the red deficit column into black profit. But its impetus, the blood sport of bargaining hunting, overshadows the meaning and the reason for Thanksgiving. Instead of giving thanks for what we have, too many salivate over what can be acquired. â€Å"Economics was becoming an imperial domain. Today, the logical of buying and selling no longer applies to material goods alone† (Michael J. Sandel 494). The family is the most  fundamental of society’s institutions, for it is within the family setting that lifetime behaviors and beliefs are established and values nurtured best in children including adolescent behavior. â€Å"The mother of the household says having less means her family appreciates p ossessions more† (Anna Quindlen 502). One key form of capitalist attack on the family lies in a process called commodification, in which capital seeks to undermine the natural forms of human interaction in all spheres of life and exchange them with commercial relations. In particular, capital strives to turn loving family relations. Healthy families are a challenge to capitalism. Family values and family ties are important institutions which, among others, affect numerous economic decisions. An historical perspective reveals that the conflict over the family may only be beginning and that we may be on the verge of a wider confrontation that will decide not only the survival of the family but fundamental questions about the scope and nature of the modern state. Political attacks on our families involve so many issues, there are many ways you can begin to talk to your child about them. â€Å"We did not arrive at this condition through any deliberate choice. It is almost as if it came upon us† (492). There is a massive environmental impact just in the sheer activity level of the community. The commercialization environment, the microeconomic and strategic conditions facing a firm that is translating an idea to a product, determines the most effective commercialization strategy, the process for bringing innov ation to the marketplace. â€Å"As corporations consolidate their control over governments and culture, we don’t expect an outright reversal of commercialization in the near future† (491). The crucial element of a firm’s commercialization strategy is whether it competes or cooperates with established firms. Commercialization strategy is thus one of the most crucial decisions a firm makes in terms of its ability to profit from technologies developed within the firm. Effective commercialization strategy results from careful analysis of the commercialization environment. Considering the benefits and costs of other strategies for securing profits and competitive advantage through innovation. â€Å"We live in a time when almost everything can be bought and sold (492). In conclusion, commercialization is often tangled with sales, marketing, or business development. Black Friday is one of the largest shopping days of the year. Black Friday is the following Thanksgiving Day in  the United States. The family is the most fundamental of society’s institutions, for it is within the family setting that lifetime behaviors and beliefs. There is a considerable environ mental impact just in the complete activity level of the community. Many technologies begin in the laboratory and are not practical for commercial use in their infancy. Works Cited Quindlen, Anna. â€Å"Stuff is Not Salvation.† Perspective on Contemporary Issues: Reading Across the Disciplines. Rd. Katherine Anne Ackley 7th ed. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. 2015 502-04. Print. Ruskin, Gray, and Schor, Juliet. Every Nook and Cranny: â€Å"The Dangerous Spread of Commercialized Culture.† Perspective on Contemporary Issues: Reading Across the Disciplines. Rd. Katherine Anne Ackley 7th ed. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. 2015 487-91. Print. Sandel, Michael. â€Å"What Isn’t for Sale?† Perspective on Contemporary Issues: Reading Across the Disciplines. Rd. Katherine Anne Ackley 7th ed. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. 2015 492-97. Print.

Dispute Resolution Processes Essay -- Legal Process

Introduction This paper will examine when it is appropriate to attempt alternative dispute resolution (ADR) processes for disputes and conversely when it is fitting for matters to be decided in a courtroom with black-robed judges and well dressed lawyers. Complementing the correct ‘intervention [courtroom, facilitative ADR or another form of ADR] at the right time, price and place with the right disputants’ is not necessarily an easy task (Wade 2010, p. 13) and the line separating alternative dispute resolution processes and judicial intervention can be blurred especially as judicial officers conduct, refer or mandate parties to participate in ADR (Sourdin, 2009, p. 190). Proof that fine panelled courtrooms may not be the answer to dispute settlement is the move towards the ‘mandatory’ use of alternative methods prior to hearings (Ardagh and Cumes, 2007, p. 206). Do most people with problems want pain relief quickly and inexpensively? Yes most people in pain want relief quickly and inexpensively but they often want other things too. They want to be heard, they want to heal the hurt and they want a ‘satisfactory [and]†¦ enduring’ outcome (Moore, 2004, p. 2). They also want to change from having ‘a destructive interaction to a constructive one’ (Ardagh, 1999, as cited by Spencer and Hardy, 2009, p. 165). There are differing views about the suitability of facilitative ADR approaches for various types of conflict. Some believe that this type of ADR is more appropriate for addressing ‘interest disputes than rights disputes’ (Boulle & Nesic, 2001 as cited by Van Gramberg, 2006, p. 121). Van Gramberg states that ‘personal grievances’ may be adequately resolved by facilitative processes but where a law or legal right has been b... ...negotiation or mediation; this case needs a judge: When is litigation the right solution? Mediation Quarterly, Vol. 18, Iss. 3, pp. 259-280. Retrieved 12 December 2010 http://works.bepress.com/john_wade/8/ Wade, J. (2009). Negotiating with Difficult People. Professor John Wade, Faculty of Law, Bond University, August. Retrieved 12 December 2010 from http://epublications.bond.edu.au/drcn/35/ Wade, J. (2010). Matching disputes and responses: How to diagnose causes of conflict, and to respond with appropriate interventions and/or referrals. Law papers. Paper 319. Retrieved 12 December 2010 from http://epublications.bond.edu.au/law_pubs/319 Wilkins, F. (2002, January 18). Disputed territory – mediation and other ADR processes. Lawyers Weekly, pp. 14, 15. Zehr, H. (1985). Retributive justice, restorative justice, (15 pages). US Office of Criminal Justice.

Addressing Gary’s Aggressive Behavior in School

From The Four Mistaken Goals of Children’s Misbehavior – Diagnosis and Remediation (cited from Dreikurs and Soltz, 1987), these goals are seeking undue attention, power, revenge, and inadequacy (PSYCHOTHERAPY INSTITUTE). Gray’s case falls in the goal seeking undue power. In this type of mistaken goal, there are still 2 types: the active power and the passive power. The active power is the one which the child sees himself and acts like a boss to other people around him.On the other hand, passive ones would refer to those that do not allow themselves to under the authority of other people. Basically, being a new student in Ms. Adams fifth grade class, Gary’s primary response is to be defensive of his own self. People like Gary creates the I’m-in-charge atmosphere and, feeling that they are the boss, they refuse to cooperate with other people. According to the Psychotherapy Institute the effective way to deal with this kind of behavior is for Ms. Adams to not to tolerate Gary’s behavior.Primarily, she should listen first to Gary. There should have a communication between them as to why the child misbehaves himself and its effects to other people. Choices must be also available for Gary. When he misbehaves, he should be redirected to a similar yet pleasing manner (University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension, 2002). Bargains should be made such that the child is not acknowledged of his misbehavior instead made to do something more agreeable.In here, some privileges too can be suspended due to his misdemeanor (Keep Kids Healthy, 1999). Schools have different strategies in dealing with student misdemeanors. To deal with them is one of the major aspects in classroom management in which educators, administrators and parents are to provide a safe, compassionate and well motivated environment for everyone especially the children (Blomberg, 2004).Misbehavior in School ReferencesBlomberg, N. (2004). Effective Discipline for Misbehavior: In School vs. Out of School Suspension. Villanova University: Department of Education and Human Services.Dreikurs, R. and Soltz, V. (1987). Children: the Challenge. OK, USA: Plume.

Ikea Advertising Appeals

STUDY ABOUT 360-DEGREE EVALUATION: THE PROS AND CONS OF MULTI-SOURCE PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL INTRODUCTION: In an organization employees are the important asset and play a significant role in the progress of an organization. Nowadays firms usually focus on the human capital in the form of the employees by giving them training, assisting them in career development and also work on performance management in order to keep the employees motivated and dedicated by giving them feedback through performance appraisals.Through these performance appraisals the employees are informed about their strengths that they can enhance and about their weaknesses that they can improve in the future. Multi-source performance appraisal or 360-degree evaluation is basically a process in which the feedback is collected from different people that interacts with employee like his supervisors, coworkers, bosses, can be stakeholders etc.It is an important tool for Human Resource Management as the feedback is collec ted through the questionnaires in which the employees are asked to rate the particular employee in his performance and behavior. Its main purpose is to provide a healthy feedback to the employee that can highlight his strong and weak points and also helps in the development and the training of the employee. The feedback that is collected from different people is discussed between the manager and the particular employee.In this performance appraisal method the identity of a person who is filling the survey form is not shared with that particular employee. It also gives an impression to the employee that what other people think of him as in traditional appraisal method only the supervisor of particular employee gives the feedback about his performance but now due to involvement of people from different departments and different levels make the assessment less subjective and may be more accurate and honest.If one person says something about the employee then their can be chances of bia sness but if many people says the same thing and without the influence of someone then we can say that their might be something wrong or something good about that particular person. As nothing is perfect in this world, which means that there are some pros and cons of 360 degree evaluation method. This paper highlights the advantages and disadvantages of multi-source performance appraisal and also mentions some recommendation that can be used while implementing this performance appraisal method.The main importance is given on the pros and cons of this method that can help the organization to decide whether to continue with the traditional appraisal method or to go with 360-degree evaluation method. ANALYSIS: The multi-source performance appraisal method plays a vital role for employees. It makes the employees to think about their attitude and behavior and about others perception about them. It also identifies the areas in which a particular employee performed well and also where he c ould not come up to the expectations.There are a lot of advantages and disadvantages of multi-source performance appraisal which are as follows: ?Advantages of Multi-Source Performance Appraisal Method: The main advantage of this method is that it provides feedback from different levels of organization and it is not restricted to supervisor or the manager as in the traditional performance appraisal method, as shown in the Appendix-I. In this method the employee is the centre of attention of all the people and the main goal of this method is to make the performance of that employee better than before as shown in Appendix-II.Due to the use of rating from different people, 360 degree evaluation method enhances the quality of the performance procedures and gives a detailed view. This method is useful to the supervisor as it can provide more authentic assessment of the performance of the employee and can help to eradicate the chances of biasness due to which it becomes easier for the sup ervisor to come to a certain conclusion related to that particular worker. Another advantage of this method is that through this feedback the top managers can make decisions related to the promotion or sometimes extermination of an employee.It also helps to highlight those areas in which the employee can be trained and it is also beneficial in the employee development. This appraisal method can be beneficial for those people who are in inferiority complex and underestimate themselves, to change their mindset and remain motivated after getting a positive feedback from their co-workers, bosses etc. One of the major benefits of this method is that it reduces the chance of discrimination as the feedback is collected from a very diverse group of individuals.It is an important tool to bring a change in the performance of an employee that result in organizational effectiveness. It is also beneficial in making the performance of the employee parallel with business values. Customer service m ay be improved by the front line employees by getting feedback from the customers through this method as this provide the opportunity to the employees to think on those areas where they are not performing well. Due to above advantages of multi-source performance appraisal method many big companies like Johnson and Johnson Limited, IBM , Xerox etc. se this method and are very successful in today’s competitive world as this method is more accurate and gives more reliable information than the traditional performance appraisal methods. ?Disadvantages of Multi-Source Performance Appraisal Method: This method had a lot of advantages but there are some disadvantages that may create doubt of whether to opt for this method or not. This method is quite complex and time taking and also very costly as it involves a lot of hassle to make the survey form filled from different people and conclude the ratings.This method can be dangerous and can produce very destructive results if it is not conducted properly and also if it is not done correctly then it can become a huge waste of time. This process can become difficult to handle and manage if there are too many people involved. One of the major disadvantages is that sometimes there are questionnaires in which the comments are not clearly understandable and needs some further explanation from those people who filled that form but due to anonymous feedback it is extremely difficult to trace out those people as a result of whom the results may not be so accurate or authentic.Human beings are major part of this method as every individual have personal preferences so there are chances that some people may rank a person in such a way so that an employee looks good or sometimes bad and may also some people got together and form a group and gave evaluation in favor or against of someone. This will probably occur in those conditions when there is no proper checking or supervision that how the questionnaires are being filled. RE COMMENDATIONS:Due to disadvantages of this method it can be difficult for an organization to select this performance appraisal method. So there are some recommendations that can help to control the pitfalls of this method. 360-degree evaluation method should be conducted carefully so that accurate results could be obtained. The managers who are supervising this whole procedure should identify those areas on which they want to collect information for a particular employee like questions related to leadership skills may be asked, or may be related to employee behavior with his subordinates etc.It should also be considered that the questionnaire should not be so long that it consumes a lot of time and the employees utilize most of their work time in filling the survey form. Employees should be trained in such a way that the people who are giving the feedback remain positive and practical rather than considering personal grudges and also those who received the feedback should take it in a constructive way even if it indicates some of the weaknesses of an employee.An employee can be given an option to choose the people from whom feedback he wants but the management has to make sure that they are not his friends or not so close to him. The manager or the supervisor who will communicate the feedback to the particular employee should deal him like a psychologist and should have some training that how to share the feedback with the employee so that he does not react very badly and not become demotivated from the feedback.There are some people who do not want to change themselves so if the appraisal is related to those employees then the supervisor should be careful in communicating the feedback and also try to share the feedback in such a way that he tries to change himself. The identities of the appraisers remain confidential but there should be some source of identification through which the management can identify the person if there is some problem in understanding the comments in their filled form. The employee whose performance is being measured should be treated with great respect and esteem.As the world is changing with the evolution of information technology and organizations are improving their technology in order to remain competitive, this performance appraisal method should be moved from the paper to the computerized system. Software should be installed in order to get online feedback of the multi-source performance appraisal, in this way employees can fill the form online and it will reduce the hassle and also lessen the time of conducting whole procedure. The feedback system should be aligned with the culture of an organization and also the rating instruments should be reliable so that accurate results could be obtained.CONCLUSION: The 360-degree feedback is used by many organizations as this process has become very famous in today’s’ world. This method involves the feedback from different people which can make the fe edback more reliable and authentic. Due to a lot of popularity of this method many organizations are now trying to adapt this method so that they could become more competitive in today’s global world. This tool should be used with a lot of care and responsibility so that the results that will be obtained should be authentic.

Music of new millenium essays

Music of new millenium essays Competencies are one of several factors, including performance results in determining annual pay adjustments. Valuing the how (high impact behaviors) of performance as well as the what (results). Reinforcing high impact behaviors through pay delivery. Critical to success, but a bad place to start; a good place to continue. Necessary for Top Performance but not Sufficient to Guarantee it Personal Attributes and Behaviors that Predict Longer-Term Success Job measurement is designed to calibrate organization roles. One compared to another. Focus is on the job, not the person in the job. The person is very important to us, but how the person is performing in the job comes later. The most critical feature of a job is what are its outputs. What are we asking the job to do for the organization. Compensation system design is not just about how much you pay but the relative relationship between roles and pay. When it comes to compensation, individuals are rarely objective about the impact of their own role or performance in that role. People, by nature, like to keep track of their career progress. Titles are important. Organization status is important. Pay is important. It is how we keep track. There is never enough money to go around. Compensation management is about balancing the allocation of a very scarce resourc ...

Intonation Contour in English Speech

Intonation Contour in English Speech In speech, intonation contour is a distinctive pattern of pitches, tones, or stresses in an utterance. Intonation contours are directly related to meaning. For instance, as Dr. Kathleen Ferrara has demonstrated (in Wennerstroms Music of Everyday Speech), the discourse marker anyway can be analyzed as having three different meanings, each with its own distinctive intonation contour. (See Examples and Observations, below.) See also: Intonation and Intonation PhraseEmphasisParalinguistics, Phonetics, and PhonologyProsodyRhythmSegment and SuprasegmentalStress Examples of Intonation Contours Suppose a secretary would like to know if his or her boss has completed drafting up an important report. He or she might ask, Finish that report? or perhaps the same secretary is telling the boss the list of things he or she planned to do next. He or she might say, Call Frankfurt. Write the memo to Purchasing. Finish that report. Now, perhaps, the secretary is talking to his or her assistant who is word processing this same report. He or she might say, Finish that report.In all three cases, this same string of words, Finish that report, would be said with quite different overall tone contours. In the first case, it would be given a questioning intonation; in the second case, it would be said with a non-emphatic final intonation contour; and in the third case, it would be said with an emphatic intonation contour indicating an imperative. Any native speaker of English would recognize the difference in meaning among these three intonation patterns, though the exact description of such c ontours is far from being a simple matter. . . .The reason intonation contour is so important to spoken discourse cohesion is that participants use their reading of intonation contours in deciding whether or not it is their turn to take over the floor.(Ron Scollon, Suzanne Wong Scollon, and Rodney H. Jones, Intercultural Communication: A Discourse Approach, 3rd ed. Wiley, 2012) The Problem of Terminology One immediate difficulty in consolidating the literature on intonation is the lack of agreement on terminology. If I wish to talk about syntax, I can feel confident that most audiences will understand words such as noun and verb. However, with intonation, terms such as stress, accent, tone, and emphasis may mean different things to different people. Not only are the lay terms different from the linguists terms, but linguists themselves disagree on terminology. To make matters worse, there are even different schools of thought on what counts as a unit in an intonation analysis. Should the intonation contour of an entire phrase be interpreted as a single, meaning-bearing unit? Is it possible to identify smaller units as meaningful? Where exactly does a unit start and stop?(Ann K. Wennerstrom, The Music of Everyday Speech: Prosody and Discourse Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2001)A well-canvassed discrepancy between an American predilection for levels and a British preference for tu nes is only one aspect of the differences that exist concerning how the utterance should be segmented for the purpose of describing its intonation. There is a rough similarity between the categories referred to in the literature as sense units, breath groups, tone groups, and contours, but the similarities are deceptive; and the various ways of further segmenting into nucleus, head, tail, tonic, pre-tonic, etc., compound the differences. The important point is that, whether this is explicit or not, each formulation amounts to a starting assumption about how the underlying meaning system is organized.(David C. Brazil, Intonation. The Linguistics Encyclopedia, ed. by Kirsten Malnkjaer. Routledge, 1995) Intonation Contours in Text-to-Speech Systems In text-to-speech systems, the goal of the intonation component is to generate an appropriate intonation contour for each spoken phrase. An intonation contour is the underlying fundamental frequency (F0) pattern that occurs over time in speech phrases. Physiologically, F0 corresponds to the frequency at which the vocal folds are vibrating. Acoustically, this vocal fold vibration provides the energy source that excites the vocal tract resonances during voiced portions of speech . . .. Listeners perceive an intonation contour as a pitch pattern that rises and falls at different points in a phrase. The intonation contour emphasizes certain words more than others, and distinguishes statements (with falling intonation contours) from yes/no questions (with rising intonation contours). It also conveys information about syntactic structure, discourse structure, and the speakers attitude. Behavioral scientists have been instrumental in basic research demonstrating the importance of intonation in the perception and production of speech, and in developing and evaluating intonation algorithms.(Ann K. Syrdal, Text-to-Speech Systems. Applied Speech Technology, ed. by A. Syrdal, R. Bennett, and S. Greenspan. CRC Press, 1995) Intonation Contours and the Brain There is evidence that intonational contour and patterns are stored in a distinct part of the brain from the rest of language. When someone experiences brain damage to the left side of the brain that seriously affects their linguistic abilities, making them unable to produce fluent or grammatical speech, they often maintain the appropriate intonation patterns of their language. Also, when right-hemisphere damage takes place, the result may be that the patient speaks with a monotone. And when babies who have not yet acquired any words begin to babble at around 6 months of age, they often utter nonsense syllables using the appropriate intonation pattern of the language they are acquiring.(Kristin Denham and Anne Lobeck, Linguistics for Everyone. Wadsworth, 2010) Also Known As: intonational contour

Argentinas economic status Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Argentinas economic status - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that with 23 states and also an autonomous city, Argentina had been the second largest country in Latin America. Covering a total area of 2766890 square kilometers the country stands as the eight largest nations measured 30th in terms of population. The country had a fairly high per capita income in 1920 but suffered from severe political instability during the 80s due to the  economic crisis. The country was under 22 years of military rule and after that changed 25 presidents. Currently, the country is recovering from a severe downturn that it suffered owing to the 2001-02 economic crises. Reportedly the country has defaulted on debt in 2005 and then made a debt repayment of $9.5 million to IMF in January 2006. IMF even questions Argentina’s accounting measures and credibility of data especially the one concerned with inflation. Keeping this at backdrop the paper intends to present a study of Argentina’s economic status by looking upon its past history of economic crisis and also examining the extent of recovery from such a crisis currently. The country of Argentina situated in Latin America had been going through a political turmoil for many years along with disastrous economic conditions. Economic crisis followed by debt crisis has been piling up one after another. Currently, the country is facing the problems of high prices and persistent double-digit inflation.... To test such a hypothesis we first consider a brief history of the past economic problems and then address the current economic problem through various findings and analysis. We also look upon the technical and financial assistance provided by the developmental organizations World Bank and IMF. Literature review Several economists have analyzed and performed research studies on Argentina’s economic condition. A research study has been performed to get an idea of poverty prevailing in Argentina due to such economic conditions. The data has been collected from EPH which is the main household survey of Argentina. Real income has been taken as an indicator of poverty and inequality. Fall in real income (8%) for the years 1992-96 comes along with the increase in GDP (8.9%) for the same years. Such a discrepancy reveals an overestimation of GDP in the data provided by local Argentinean surveys. Some unaccounted income such as rent and capital income might also be a cause for such a dubious result (Gasparini). Growth incidence curves have also been used for studying the changes in income pattern. The curves have been below the horizontal axis and positively sloped. High inequality in income is revealed from such a study of income changing patterns (Gasparini). Poverty status of Argentina has been studied using poverty lines with three poverty indicators namely the headcount ratio, the poverty income gap and FGT. Value of poverty lines have been expressed in local currency units. The data has collected for the period 1992-06. Such a study has shown that although Argentina has somewhat recovered from the 2001-02 crisis it has not been able to eradicate poverty. With the crisis there has been

Fujitsu Siemens Computers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Fujitsu Siemens Computers - Essay Example This essay stresses that large market and increased production scale is favorable for attaining the targeted market growth. The joint venture of technological firms makes possible to share the ideas and knowledge relating to competing and emerging technologies between firms. The research and development process becomes advanced through combination different useful ideas and knowledge. External participation in research and development process is helpful for diversifying the research process. Firms can concentrate on major research process through sharing the development cost. Organizational efficiency improvement is the main tool for competing in the industry. The organizational efficiency will be much improved by changing the organizational strategy by business combination. Fujitsu is a leading firm in the field of internet focused IT solutions, on a global basis. This paper makes a conclusion that in case of Fujitsu and Siemens, the equity joint venture strategy is suitable to each other for exchanging the technical know-how and manufacturing capabilities. Their stable and reliable partnership provides suitable environment for attaining business growth and profitability in the competitive industrial conditions. Through the joint venture they attained world’s most complete product and solution portfolios with world class computer technology and innovative IT infrastructure capabilities.

Final Curriculum Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Final Curriculum Design - Essay Example This course is organised in such a way as to make it simple for students being introduced to the technical application of English in business context. There will be lessons on accessing relevant resources, assessment items and key events during the course which will be uploaded on the online university blackboard. The classrooms will hold between 10 and 20 students. This part seeks to guide the organisation of the syllabus as indicated by White (1988). The course seeks to consolidate previously gained English knowledge by the students and raise it to levels applicable in business context. It aims at improving skills in English listening, speaking and writing so as to enhance business communication. Consequently, the students will be expected to: iii. Further confidence when using English to execute business functions such as placing orders, speaking on the telephone, making reservations and handling irate customers, employee complaints and unreliable suppliers. This course employs context defined by Graves (2000) as the nature of the course, time, teaching resources, classroom set-up and the people. The lessons will be conducted on Saturdays and Tuesdays from 10.00 am, since in Saudi Arabia, the week begins on Saturday, each session taking two hours for 12 weeks summing up to 48 hours of teaching. The venue will be Najran College of Technology, Saudi Arabia being a country where English is not the first language, fitting within the example of Target Language – Removed Context cited by Graves (2008). The setting will adopt the European schooling approach described by Ahmad (2009) and Nunan (1999) as involving a teacher-fronted set-up with students seated in rows facing the teacher. Each classroom will have between 10 and 20 students having previous exposure to English since the instruction will presume Intermediate learning level. A triangulation approach will be applied for needs analysis supported by

Interracial Marriages Amongst African Immigrants In Hungary Sociology Essay

Interracial Marriages Amongst African Immigrants In Hungary Sociology Essay In many countries throughout the world, marriage is primarily an agreement between two families. An alliance through marriage between two successful families can enhance the power, prestige and well being of all the members in that family. Interracial marriage is a potential venue where both partners can enrich their world-view depending on ones value and ability to accommodate cultural difference. The extent to which interracial marriages are accepted in our global society is a function of the cultural parameters within which these dynamics occur. It is apparent that the figurative shrinking of our globe seems to represent conditions that allow opportunity for the number of intercultural marriages to expand. This paper seeks to provide an overview of interracial marriages, taking into consideration, its reasons, evolutionary historic nature and its importance to African immigrants. History of Interracial Marriages Before discussing how historical changes have influenced interracial relationships, it is imperative to examine how relationships have evolved throughout history. During Medieval times, the families of would be couple arranged their marriage. Much of society placed emphasis on wealth and land ownership. People did not often marry outside of their class. Therefore, it was the role of family to find a suitable partner to make the transition into matrimony (Amt, 1993:77). Also, love was not a factor in the decision making process (Stritof, 2001). In the middle Ages, marriage was seen as a sacrament. Therefore, the transition into marriage was made in order to prevent sin and to procreate as the Bible dictates (Shahar, 1983:15). However, during colonial times, the role of the family was altered. The transition into marriage shifted from the parents control to the individuals control. In spite of this shift, though, the family did still largely influence whom the individual chose to marry . Children were guided and taught on how to choose the most suitable partner. During this time, romance became part of the marriage interest; it was an opportunity to love (Wilkins, 1998:502). Interracial relationships are historically determined. Interracial marriage started in the United State of America. Laws against interracial marriages date back to 1661. These laws were enacted to prevent whites from marrying outside their race. Individuals who married cross-culturally could be arrested (Schwalbe, 2001:23). These laws were not limited to African Americans, for example in Arizona whites and Native Americans were prohibited from marrying each other, on the other hand, in Montana whites could not marry Asian Americans (Schwartz, 2000:114).Similarly, in colonial Mexico, sexuality, marriage, and superstitious love and fertility rituals were subject to control by the Spanish inquisition (Stoler, 1989:134). Moran (2001:29), argued that anti-miscegenation laws established racial boundaries, racial purity, contained ambiguity, and preserved public recognition of sexual decency. Bardaglio (1999) holds that the anti-miscegenation law sought not so much to eliminate interracial sexual contact as to channel them. The main purpose of this law was to keep the black and white race apart. And it is for this reason that Stoler (1994:199) argued that the mà ©tissage (mixed blood) was conceived as a dangerous source of subversion, it was seen as a threat to white prestige, an embodiment of European degeneration and moral decay and represented, not only the dangers of foreign enemies at national borders, but the more pressing affront for European nation-states. This is what the German philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1962:149) so aptly defined as undermining the essence of the nation, and its interior frontiers. Therefore, sexual meanings and intimacy are social and cultural constructs which are the main forces conditioning human relationships. It is in this light that, Zelizer in Purchase of Intimacy (2005:1) holds that taboo against romantic affaire in workplace and sex for hire both rests on the twinned belief that intimacy corrupts the economy and economy c orrupt intimacy, intermarriage should be forbidden. In addition to the above, Roger (1990:315), holds that the United States is the only country in the New world which has carried its law against interracial marriage from its colonial period into its national one. In this light, Garrison questioned the states right to interfere with the private realm of marriage and he argued that marriage is not a province, and does not belong to the power of legislative assembly, therefore it is a wrong approach for the republican government to decide on the complexional affinity of those who choose to be united together in wedlock, and it may as rationally decree that corpulent and lean, tall and short, strong and weak persons shall not be married to each other as that there must be an agreement in the complexion of the parties ( cf Washington 1986:84). The right to select ones mate is one of the most ancient, most sacred of individual rights, and when the state interferes in this, except in the case of the mentally unfit, it but adds humour to the witticism (Roger, 1988:80) However, in 1967, the Supreme Court Case Loving v. Virginia declared laws against interracial marriages as unconstitutional (Schwalbe, 2001). This allowed individuals to explore other relationship opportunities and thus the rise of interracial marriages. These laws limited the pool of eligible mates and the transition into marriage was directly affected. These laws displayed the views of society; therefore, individuals wishing to make transition into marriage often followed these laws in order to gain societys approval and to avoid adversity. Reason for interracial Marriages As seen above, interracial relationship during the colonial era was considered a taboo or an abominable practice. Association with a European, talk less of marriage or dating a European woman was perceived as a challenge to European supremacy. Europeans regulated social conduct between races, so as to maintain racial purity. In spite of these regulatory mechanisms that were put in place, African immigrants still engaged in interracial marriages. The reasons for interracial marriages among immigrants vary from one person to another. For example, in some cases, the criteria for citizenship acquisition vary considerably between European states. Within the E U., the minimum residency; before aliens are eligible to apply for citizenship varies from three (Belgium), eight (Hungary) and ten (Austria and Hungary) years (Babcock, 2006:12-23).Some states requires shorter periods for applicants from states with whom they have cultural or historic ties. There are also variations in the requirements that states impose on those wishing to become their citizens. This is both natural and permissible. But, those requirements are nonetheless framed by moral considerations, which define their scope and limit (Caren, 1989:13-49).Many states exclude third country nationals from significant social and economic benefits such as employment benefits and health insurance, even if they have lived in their new state for several years. Citizenship, therefore, if only for instrumental reasons, is clearly a status worth having. But it is als o an intrinsically valuable status position, important as it signifies a persons equality under the law, full civic inclusion and ultimately immunity from deportation. As result, third country nationals have adopted various mechanisms to remain within EU member states. Examples of these mechanisms include commodification of sexuality, finding a shelter, or a job (in the formal or informal economy or as family labour), achieve legal status based on marriage terms (e.g. arranged or contract marriages). For instance, irregular immigrants attempt to legalise their residence with the help of various strategies. For most, illegal migrants apprehended by the authorities, entering the asylum process is the major form of legalising their stay in Hungary. In 1999, there were 11,500 asylum applications, with 5,100 submitted by citizens of former Yugoslavia and 6,000 by non Europeans. Thus, Hungary is primarily a transit country for asylum. Economic condition prevailing in Hungary can offer only a partial explanation to this phenomenon. Another equally important factor is the lengthy asylum procedures, and scarce opportunities for integration. For these reason, asylum seekers generally seeks protection elsewhere, many in other member countries of the E.U. Therefore, the most common reason for terminating an asylum procedure is that the applicant disappears (Ejalu, 2008). Similarly, Bledsoe and Sow (2008), carried out a study in Germany, and they argued that, Cameroonians in Germany, engaged in interracial relationship in order to maintain family reunification. Cameroonian women, who stay in Germany, are often those who gain residence rights by bearing a child for a German man, who is willing to recognise the child officially, irrespective of any long term paternal obligations. Using the German Federal Statistical office figures on the children of unmarried parents, Fleisher found that, in 2004, although there were about twice as many Cameroonian men than women in Germany, many more were born to Cameroonian women, than to Cameroonian men, that is, an equivalent of 240: 92, respectively. Among married partners, 49 children born to parents who were both Cameroonians but 169 were born to a Cameroonian and German conjugal pair. Again, there were considerably more, proportionately, children born to a Cameroonian German marriages who were born to Cameroonia n women and their German husbands, than Cameroonian men and their German wives. In addition to the above, for Cameroonian men, the pathway to legal residence in Germany is entirely different. Most German women who strike up relationships with Cameroonian men are substantially older than their partners, and are unwilling or unable to have a child. As well, the likelihood of becoming a parent of a German child, independently of its mother, is almost out of question, for a Cameroonian man. Claiming residence by producing a German child is thus much rarer for a Cameroonian man, than a woman from Cameroon. For a Cameroon man, without a job, the best route to acquire residence, is contracting and sustaining marriage with a German woman for at least three year, after which he can obtain residence, although authorities continue to exert surveillance, and may investigates cases of divorces after years. Fleisher found that, in 2004, there were 163 bi-national marriages between a Cameroonian and a German in Germany, most of them Cameroonian men marrying German women-but ju st six marriages between Cameroonian men and women. The further complexity is that, many Cameroonian men desire children and want to return home eventually. Confronted with the logic of singularity on which family reunification rules of marriage rest, some men quietly retain marriage with a woman back home by which they have borne children, or ask their families members to find a wife, whom they visit periodically before their final return. This is because, a Cameroonian man may come to see marriage to a German woman as a temporary necessity and look to Cameroon for his main family future, he may come to see traditional or at least Cameroonian marriages as the base, and formal marriage in the west as the temporary distortion. (Fleischer,2003). African immigrants may feel inferior due to a mental, physical, social handicap and enter an interracial relationship after determing that acceptance will be found only outside of a culture of birth. A marriage based on this motive may be consciously considered to be a second best or stand-in marriage interracial may be an act of aggression toward another race. Deviance and revenge by one partner can humiliate the in-law. They will either complement this need by feeling personally inferior or angry and rebellious against parents, culture and society (Blau, 1977:31). Leon (1984), suggests that idealism may be a motive ofliberal marrying inter-culturally. Identification with the underdog, an inferiority complex, rebellion, and rescue could be an outgrowth of this idealism. Importance of Interracial Marriages. Throughout history, the structure of interracial relationships has seen a drastic evolution. What once was seen as non-normative and forbidden practice is now seen as common. Specifically speaking, there has been an increase in heterogamous, cross-cultural, relationships. This rise in interracial relationships can be attributed to the reversal of anti-miscegenation laws, the lack of potential mates, the breakdown of segregation, immigration and advancements in technology. These changes in romantic relationships and the transition to marriage have allowed people to explore alternative lifestyles and relationships. Noticeably, interracial romantic relationships and marriages have become commonplace. According to Schwartz (2000:17) an increase in interracial marriages is as a result of immigration, increases the chances of meeting people from different racial backgrounds. For instance, the United States of America is considered a melting pot. The U.S.A. has many different races enmeshed into one society (Schwartz, 2007:23). This has allowed African immigrants to have many different types of romantic relationships/interracial marriages. Immigration has effected the transition into marriage by providing mates from many different backgrounds. Also, immigration has affected many peoples views on marriage by introducing people to new cultures. Interracial marriages among African immigrant is advantageous because it is seem as a gate way to integration and assimilation especially on the part on those immigrants who are being excluded from their societies The degree of social control and the institutionalised discrimination is a function of existing relationships between the majority(host country and minority. An increase in the number of primarily relationship (indicated by interracial marriage) between these groups signals a dissolutions of discriminatory and subordinating practices and less incumbered entrance of minority into social institution of the majority group (Gordon, 1964:35). On the other hand, interracial marriages may indicate a weakening of ethnic cohesion and a loss of highly value ethnic culture (Murguia, 1982). Beaumont (1958[1835]:245), suggests that intermarriages are certainly the best, if not the unique, means of fusing the white and the black races. They are also the most obvious index of equality. While the U.S court of 1873 considered interracial marriages as immoral, others saw it as a cultural betrayal .Opponents of interracial dating contend that those who date or marry outside of their race are betraying their families and abandoning their cultural heritage. Many African immigrants believe interracial marriage erodes the solidarity of the African community. Lawrence Otis Graham feels that interracial marriage undermines [African] ability to introduce our children to black role models who accept their racial identity with pride. Graham also fears that biracial children will turn their backs on their black heritage when they discover that it is easier to live as a white person (cf Sollors, 2000:23-58). On the other hand, proponents of interracial relationships contend that interracial romance is a step towards eliminating racial hatred. According to Mitali Perkins (2007:50), Where exploitation and anger have separated the races in society, an interracial family called by God is a compelling example of the gospel of reconciliation. Yvette Walker believes that Racism . . . will have to be bred out. We cant make policies to change it. And certainly, in an interracial relationship the children are raised in a climate of tolerance. She and others contend that the rising incidence of interracial children will eventually lead to a society where race will no longer matter because everyone will blend into one race, the human race. More importantly, assert many supporters of interracial relationships, colour should not matter when it comes to love. They echo Martin Luther King Jr.s famous sentiment that people should be judged not by the colour of their skin but by the content of their characterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (cf Perkins 2007:206) African immigrants believe that interracial marriages offer the best opportunities for couples and professionals to experience, learn, develop, and educate themselves. Empowerment traits for interracial marriage and intimacy are core ingredients in promoting positive relationships in order that each of the couples families might work towards achieving optimal interracial satisfaction and simultaneously cope with external forces such as nationality, community, family, and individual. (McFadden, 2002:220). In the past, African immigrants were considered as inferior, Buirj (1993:176-179) argued that immigrants are lazy, incompetent, and inefficient because they lack both the cultural and symbolic capital. Michele Lamont (2000) recapitulates the negative feeling toward immigrants and reflects the continuing availability of cultural repertoires stressing the moral failure of immigrants. In the view of historian David Kennedy, in United States on the one hand à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦immigrants were judged to be noble soulsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦whose talents and genius and love of liberty account for the magnificent American character. On the other handà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [they] were thought to be degraded, freeloading louts, a blight on the national character and a drain on the economyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(cf Lamont, 2000:105). Scientific opinion at present tends to admit that an African immigrant is not inferior in any essential character of mind; and is approximately equal to other races in his ability to acquire culture (Du Bois, 1899). Despite the long-entrenched, labels to racially categorise African population in history, a trend has emerged towards a more fluid view of racial identification. Schacht and Knox (2000:279) argued that due to an interracial marriage/dating relationship amongst immigrants, there has been a gradual, if not, socially recognised shift in how immigrants are perceived. They have gained recognition. Moreover, interracial relationships are a step toward a more integrated and egalitarian society. For example, the future of Africans belongs to the person who is the product of many different cultures. Through interracial marriage, different cultures will develop their unique identities and come together in harmony. Benefits of interracial marriages would be that an African [immigrant] child would learn more tolerance and respect towards all races. Such children may be open to new ideas, and less hostile regarding ones religious creed or nationality. Many wars are fought over both religion and patriotic fanaticism, and a child of mixed background is not going to really purely identify with either one of the other racial background, thus, the child is less susceptible to being nationalistic to a fanatical degree. (Innocent, Sirefman, 1992). However, interracial marriages enable Africans immigrants to acquire citizenship and to engage in the political affairs of the host country. It is therefore a gateway for immigrants with citizenship status to shape and influence decisions at the national level. Thus, immigrants often view citizenship as crucial for the future prosperity of their children and their immediate relatives. The possibility of reuniting with family members is the major reason for acquiring citizenship. Citizenship also carries with it status and prestige among extended family members in the country of origin. Immigrants who have naturalised tell stories about how parents and relatives at home in Africa boast about their accomplishments. Praise and accolades are given to those who have become citizens (Arthur, 2000:24) Citizenship in other word, affects the shift in the cultural identities of immigrants (Afolabi, Falola, 2008: 49). Furthermore, interracial marriage is seen as strategic for integration and a form of assimilation. Park and Burgess (1969:735) define assimilation as a process of interpenetration and fusion in which person and groups acquire the memories, sentiments and aptitude of other groups and by sharing their experience and history, are incorporated with them in a common life the process of interpenetration is arguably best examplied in intermarriage which is often seen as the final step in the assimilation process. For African immigrants, it is a gate way to better life. Intermarriage is a clear signal that minority groups have adopted the cultural patterns of the host or majority population, such as its language and customs. On the other hand, during the assimilation process, African immigrants tend to lose their distinctive characteristics as they pass through the stages of assimilation, eventually intermarrying with the majority population (Alba 2003; Gordon 1964: 89) Theoretical Framework Using the status exchange theory (Merton, 1941, Davis, 1941), I have argued that interracial marriages would frequently involve an exchange of status characteristics. Highly educated Africa immigrants would trade their educational status in order to reap the benefits associated with the racial status of a potential white spouse. Similarly, whites with low levels of education would trade their racial status for the educational status of a potential black spouse. Consequently, a black-white marriage is likely to involve a black spouse with greater education than the white spouse because these types of individuals would each have something to gain from the union. Interracial marriages involving white spouses with greater education than their black spouses would be much less likely because blacks would have nothing to offer their potential white spouse in return for the white spouse marrying down in terms of race. Both Merton and Davis believed that this process of status exchange was ap plicable only to black male-white female unions because a black mans educational background would be more closely tied to future potential earnings and prestige than would a black womans education. Lacking empirical data to confirm this hypothesis, Merton provided the framework for a future test of the theory. According to Merton, the correct procedure would be to compare the relative frequency of three types of interracial marriage: educationally homogamous unions (Group A), unions in which the white member marries upward (white hyper- gamy) in terms of education (Group B), and unions in which the white member marries downward (white hypogamy) in terms of education (Group C).2 Group B should be the most common type because it involves the expected exchange of status characteristics, and Group C should be the least common type. Numerous scholars have since shown that this test fails because most interracial marriages are educationally homogamous. Individuals have a strong tendency to marry partners of a similar educational background, and this tendency has been increasing over the last half-century (Schwartz and Mare 2005). Thus, to some extend educational status is not the only means used by African immigrants to engaged in interracial relationship but the desire to acquired integration t hrough various means such as citizenship and resident permit is another reason for interracial marriages as already highlighted above. To conclude, in spite some of the miscegenation laws put in placed in the past, the desire to acquired citizenship, resident permits are reason of the that have pushed Africans immigrants to engaged interracial marriages, in order to reap the benefits of the host country in which they find themselves.

The Growing Problem of Terrorism and Terrorists Essay -- Terrorists E

Individuals often establish belief systems in regard to attitudes, behaviors, religions, and other areas based on beliefs and practices that they accepted during the early stages of maturation when many of their interactions were influenced by their families, who both supported and practiced the same traditions. In America the customary stance toward these varied opinions is to view them with tolerance, regardless of how strange or wrong the belief or action might seem. While individually people may disagree with the beliefs of other people, under ordinary circumstances, most Americans would either offer friendly advice or completely ignore situations that would not lead to dangerous or deadly outcomes. However, it seems to me that some people within practically all groups, regardless of their designations, sometimes decide to carry their belief systems to the extreme. Extremists move into the category of fanatics or radicals who seek to establish their belief systems as the only means for achieving a desired outcome. When people become fanatics, they believe that their ideals are the only acceptable way to live. Some will seek to destroy others who do not believe or act as they do. At that point, extremists become terrorists because they try to force others to accept their practices in such areas as social behaviors, politics, and religion. Terrorists frequently want everyone to practice the same social behaviors. Dressing in a particular style, eating specific foods... The Growing Problem of Terrorism and Terrorists Essay -- Terrorists E Individuals often establish belief systems in regard to attitudes, behaviors, religions, and other areas based on beliefs and practices that they accepted during the early stages of maturation when many of their interactions were influenced by their families, who both supported and practiced the same traditions. In America the customary stance toward these varied opinions is to view them with tolerance, regardless of how strange or wrong the belief or action might seem. While individually people may disagree with the beliefs of other people, under ordinary circumstances, most Americans would either offer friendly advice or completely ignore situations that would not lead to dangerous or deadly outcomes. However, it seems to me that some people within practically all groups, regardless of their designations, sometimes decide to carry their belief systems to the extreme. Extremists move into the category of fanatics or radicals who seek to establish their belief systems as the only means for achieving a desired outcome. When people become fanatics, they believe that their ideals are the only acceptable way to live. Some will seek to destroy others who do not believe or act as they do. At that point, extremists become terrorists because they try to force others to accept their practices in such areas as social behaviors, politics, and religion. Terrorists frequently want everyone to practice the same social behaviors. Dressing in a particular style, eating specific foods...